Data for a Comprehensive Survey of Fault Zones, Breccias, and Fractures in and Flanking the Eastern Española Basin, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico

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Title:
Data for a Comprehensive Survey of Fault Zones, Breccias, and Fractures in and Flanking the Eastern Española Basin, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico
Abstract:
This release provides the data for a comprehensive survey of geologic structures in the eastern Española Basin of the Rio Grande rift, New Mexico. The release includes data and analyses from 53 individual fault zones and 22 other brittle structures, such as breccia zones, joints, and veins, investigated at a total of just over 100 sites. Structures were examined and compared from poorly lithified Tertiary sediments, as well as Paleozoic sedimentary and Proterozoic crystalline rocks. Data and analyses, include geologic maps; field observations and measurements; orientation, kinematic paleostress analyses and modeling; statistical examination of 575 fault trace lengths derived from aeromagnetic data in the Española and adjacent basins; mineralogy and chemistry of host and fault rocks; and investigation of fault versus bolide impact hypotheses for the origin of enigmatic breccias found in the Proterozoic basement rocks. Kinematic and paleostress analyses suggest a record of transitional, and perhaps partitioned, strains from the Laramide orogeny through Rio Grande rifting. Normal faults within Tertiary basin fill sediments are consistent with more typical WNW-ESE Rio Grande extension, perhaps decoupled from bedrock structures due to strength contrasts favoring the formation of new faults in the relatively weak sediments. Analyses of the fault length data indicate power law length distributions similar to those reported from many geologic settings globally. Mineralogy and chemistry in Proterozoic fault-related rocks reveal geochemical changes tied to hydrothermal alteration and nearly isochemical transformation of feldspars to clay minerals. In sediments, fault rocks are characterized by mechanical entrainment with minor secondary chemical changes. Enigmatic breccias are autoclastic, isochemical with respect to their protoliths, and occur near shatter cones believed to be related to a pre-Pennsylvanian impact event. A weak iridium anomaly is associated with the breccias as well as adjacent protoliths, thus an impact shock wave cannot be ruled out for their origin. The types of faults, associated brittle structures, and geochemical attributes provided here can aid in development of conceptual models and approaches useful in identifying testable hypotheses grounded in geological data when assessing ground- and surface-water resources.
Supplemental_Information:
Caine, J. S., Evans, J. P., and Forster, C. B., 1996, Fault Zone Architecture and Permeability Structure: Geology, v. 24, pp. 1025-1028.
GERM (Geochemical Earth Reference Model), 2014, Accessed March 20, http://earthref.org/GERM/
Morgan, J.W., Higuchi, H., Ganapathy, R., and Anders, E., 1975, Meteoritic material in four terrestrial meteorite craters: v. 6, p. 1609–1623.
Tagle, R., and Hecht, L., 2006, Geochemical identification of projectiles in impact rocks: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 41, p. 1721–1735.
Tagle, R., and Berlin, J., 2008, A database of chondrite analyses including platinum group elements, Ni, Co, Au, and Cr: Implications for the identification of chondritic projectiles: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 43, p. 541–559.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Caine, Jonathan Saul, Minor, Scott A., V. J. S. Grauch, Budahn, James R., Keren, Tucker T., and Johnson, Michaela R., 2016, Data for a Comprehensive Survey of Fault Zones, Breccias, and Fractures in and Flanking the Eastern Española Basin, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -107.172451286
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -105.856454456
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.100944487
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.426013078
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 06-Nov-2003
    Ending_Date: 18-Jun-2006Currentness_Reference: publication date
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: shapefile and tabular digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • String (632)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 13
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -105.0
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
      False_Easting: 500000.0
      False_Northing: 0.0
      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.6096
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.6096
      Planar coordinates are specified in Meter
      The horizontal datum used is D_North_American_1927.
      The ellipsoid used is Clarke_1866.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378206.4.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/294.9786982.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Faults_Española_SantoDomingo_Albuquerque_Basins.shp
    Shapefile of faults (Grauch and Hudson, 2007) with additional attributes added. This shapefile contains the content included in supplemental table 2 in the journal publication associated with this data release. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    BasinNm
    Name of basin where fault is located. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    AlbuquerqueAlbuquerque basin
    EspañolaEspañola basin
    Pre-EspañolaPre-Española
    Santo DomingoSanto Domingo
    unknownunknown
    Censored
    Describes whether the fault is censored (y) or not (n) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    nNo
    yYes
    Used
    Describes whether the fault was used (y) or not (n). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    nNo
    yYes
    Length_m
    Length of each fault, in meters. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:536.278568
    Maximum:35369.172278
    Units:meters
    Table1AbqToEspañolaAeroMagFaultLengths.csv
    Summary and analytical statistics for magnetic fault lineament length distributions in basins of the central Rio Grande rift (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    BasinNm
    Basin name (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    All (censored removed)Analyses conducted on all faults; censored faults excluded.
    AlbuquerqueAnalyses conducted on Albuquerque basin faults; censored faults excluded.
    Santo DomingoAnalyses conducted on Santo Domingo basin faults; censored faults excluded.
    EspañolaAnalyses conducted on Española basin faults; censored faults excluded.
    Areakm2
    Survey area (square km) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1102
    Maximum:6984
    Units:square kilometers
    NumFaults
    Number of faults (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:96
    Maximum:575
    Units:unitless
    FaultsKM2
    Number of faults per unit area (1/square km) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.07
    Maximum:0.11
    Units:1 per square kilometer
    MnLength
    Mean length of faults (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:3.4
    Maximum:4.6
    Units:meters
    MdLength
    Median length of faults (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.7
    Maximum:3.6
    Units:meters
    MaxLgth
    Maximum length of faults (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:12.5
    Maximum:35.4
    Units:meters
    MinLgth
    Minimum length of faults (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.54
    Maximum:0.82
    Units:meters
    PctPwrLaw
    Percent data with power law fit (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:13.9
    Maximum:100
    Units:percent
    R2
    Regression coefficient (R squared) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.84
    Maximum:0.99
    Units:unitless
    ExpC
    Exponent C (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.881
    Maximum:2.598
    Units:unitless
    Comment
    Note indicating portion of data analyzed. Portion of data analyzed in field is indicated in PctPwrLaw. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    KS_pval
    KS Test p-value (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.04
    Maximum:0.81
    Units:unitless
    PlawvExp
    Likelihood ratio (R) (Plaw vs. Exp) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-1.02
    Maximum:2.33
    Units:unitless
    PlawvLnorm
    Likelihood ratio (R) (Plaw vs. Lnorm) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-1.87
    Maximum:1.05
    Units:unitless
    FavDist
    Favored distribution, see manuscript. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    Table2StructureStrainStressModelResults.csv
    Española basin and east rift flank stress and strain model results (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    FaultType
    Refers to the sense of motion demarcated by the offset of markers such as piercing points or piercing lines or fault decorations (shear sense indicators) along slip vectors (striae). Fault types include reverse, strike-slip, and normal. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    FaultHost
    Faults in well indurated rock versus poorly lithified sediments. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    ModelType
    Strain models versus stress model (see manuscript). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    PlotNumModType
    Indicates the figure number in the manuscript and model type of fit used for organizing model results for kinematic evaluation (see manuscript). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    n_n0
    Number of data used in each model versus the total number of data for that fault type. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    PSS_MisfitPSS
    Number of principal slip surfaces and the number of misfit principal slip surfaces (see manuscript). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    MSS_MisfitMSS
    Number of minor slip surfaces and the number of misfit minor slip surfaces (see manuscript). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    P
    Contractional axis (plunge/trend); -9999 indicates null value. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) degrees
    T
    Extensional axis (plunge/trend); -9999 indicates null value. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) degrees
    σ1
    σ1, Maximum principal stress axis (plunge/trend); -9999 indicates null value. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) degrees
    σ3
    σ3, Minimum principal stress axis (plunge/trend); -9999 indicates null value. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) degrees
    phi
    φ, Stress ratio; -9999 indicates null value. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:0.86
    lambda
    ɣ, Mean misfit fault angle; -9999 indicates null value. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:19.8
    Units:degrees
    theta
    θ, Mean fault angle with model maximum shear stress direction; -9999 indicates null value. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:44.7
    Units:degrees
    TableSupplemental1_EspañolaBasinStructureRAWData.csv
    Española basin and east rift flank site locations, structural data, samples, and field notes (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    LocationName
    Name given for the physical location where data and samples were collected (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    Station
    Number of the station where data and samples were collected that includes the date, the sequential number of the site visit on that date (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    MapLetterKey
    Shows the location of the site in page sized figures in manuscript. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    UTMmE
    UTM meters East, NAD27 (Garmin GPS coordinate) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) meters
    UTMmN
    UTM meters North, NAD27 (Garmin GPS coordinate) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) meters
    AccFt
    PDOP from Garmin GPS, + or -, in feet (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) feet
    Strike
    Orientation of a plane in space uniquely defined by its intersection with a horizontal plane and reported as an azimuthal direction (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:360
    Units:degrees
    Dip
    Inclination of a plane from horizontal (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:90
    Units:degrees
    Feature
    Structural geologic element measured. Can include principal slip surfaces (PSS) along a fault (FLT), minor slip surfaces (MSS) along a fault, general slip surfaces (SS) along a fault, foliations (FOL), lineations (LIN), bedding (BDD), joints (JNT), veins (VEIN), cleavage (CLVG), breccia (BXA), deformation bands (DB) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    pssprincipal slip surfaces
    fltfault
    mssminor slip surfaces
    ssgeneral slip surfaces
    folfoliation
    linlineation
    bddbedding
    jntjoint
    veinvein
    clvgcleavage
    bxabreccia
    dbdeformation band
    cntcontact
    mesofltmesoscopic fault
    cal veincalcite vein
    pegpegmatite
    Areakm2
    Survey area (square km) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1102
    Maximum:6984
    Units:square kilometers
    NumFaults
    Number of faults (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:96
    Maximum:575
    Units:unitless
    SLine1R
    Slickenline 1. The angle of a lineation, such as fault striae, from a horizontal line contained within a plane (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:202
    Units:degrees
    SLine1Dir
    The cardinal direction from which rake is measured relative to the horizontal strike from which it is measured (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    SSense1
    Shear sense 1. The direction of displacement along a fault. Slip sense of slickenline set: single-letter assignments indicate pure dip-slip (N = normal, R = reverse) or strike-slip (D = dextral, S = sinistral) movement; double-letter assignments (ND, DN, RD, DR, NS, SN, RS, SR) indicate primary (first letter) and secondary (second letter) components of oblique-slip. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    Ddextral
    DRdextral reverse
    Nnormal
    NDnormal dextral
    NSnormal sinistral
    Rreverse
    RDreverse dextral
    RSreverse sinistral
    Ssinistral
    SDsinistral dextral
    SNsinistral normal
    Qual1
    A relative measure of the accuracy of shear sense determinations. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    Acertain
    Blikely
    Cuncertain
    SLine2R
    Slickenline 2. The angle of a second lineation, such as fault striae, from a horizontal line contained within a plane that possibly overprints a first lineation (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:193
    Units:degrees
    SLine2Dir
    The cardinal direction from which rake is measured relative to the horizontal strike from which it is measured (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    SSense2
    Shear sense 2. The direction of displacement along a fault. Slip sense of slickenline set: single-letter assignments indicate pure dip-slip (N = normal, R = reverse) or strike-slip (D = dextral, S = sinistral) movement; double-letter assignments (ND, DN, RD, DR, NS, SN, RS, SR) indicate primary (first letter) and secondary (second letter) components of oblique-slip. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    Ddextral
    DRdextral reverse
    Nnormal
    NDnormal dextral
    NSnormal sinistral
    Rreverse
    RDreverse dextral
    RSreverse sinistral
    Ssinistral
    SDsinistral dextral
    SNsinistral normal
    Qual2
    A relative measure of the accuracy of shear sense determinations. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    Acertain
    Blikely
    Cuncertain
    SLine3R
    Slickenline 3. The angle of a third lineation, such as fault striae, from a horizontal line contained within a plane that possibly overprints a first and (or) second lineation (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:40
    Maximum:334
    Units:degrees
    SLine3Dir
    The cardinal direction from which rake is measured relative to the horizontal strike from which it is measured (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    SSense3
    Shear sense 3. The direction of displacement along a fault (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    Qual3
    A relative measure of the accuracy of shear sense determinations. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    Acertain
    Blikely
    Cuncertain
    Arch
    Architecture. Brittle fault zones have distinct components of internal structure that includes a core, damage zone (DZ), entrained zone (EZ), and protolith (PL). Not all of these structures or components are present in a fault zone. See Caine and others, 1996. Additional descriptive elements are listed below. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    hwhanging wall
    fwfootwall
    dzdamage zone
    cntcontact
    plprotolith
    ezentrained zone
    corewhere most of the strain in a fault is accomodated and can include discrete zones of fault gouge
    Lith
    Rock type classified during field work. Abbreviations are described in attribute, Feature. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition. Abbreviations are described in attribute, Feature.
    Protolith
    Fault zone component where fault related deformation is absent. Also known as host rock. See Caine and others, 1996. For Española protoliths have been lumped in this table as basement rocks = baserx, Tertiary rocks = Trx, basin fill sediments = bfs, basaltic rocks = barx (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    baserxbasement rocks
    barxbasaltic rocks
    bfsbasin fill sediments
    TrxTertiary rocks
    DipSepM
    Dip separation in meters. The amount of apparent physical offset of piercing points or lines across a fault (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.01
    Maximum:83
    Units:meters
    hwWdz
    The width of the hanging wall damage zone (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:15
    Units:meters
    hwWez
    The width of the hanging wall entrained zone (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:8.9
    Units:meters
    Wc
    The width of the fault core (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.002
    Maximum:8.4
    Units:meters
    fwWez
    The width of the footwall damage zone (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:1.7
    Units:meters
    fwWdz
    The width of the footwall entrained zone (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:24
    Units:meters
    WT
    Total width of the fault zone that includes the summed widths of all fault zone components present in the hanging wall and footwall (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:36.85
    Units:meters
    hwFracG
    Shape, style, types of fractures and joints in the hanging wall (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    fwFracG
    Shape, style, types of fractures and joints in the footwall (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    Core
    The fault rock type and (or) composition of the fault core at the specified locality (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    Cement
    Location of rock forming, mineral cements usually precipitated within intergranular pore space of a rock (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    CemMin
    Mineral that has precipitated in cemented rock (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    FaultSHP
    The geometry of the exposed portion of a fault (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    hwU
    Known geological unit(s) exposed in the hanging wall of a fault (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    fwU
    Known geological unit(s) exposed in the footwall of a fault (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    hwLith
    Rock or sediment types found in the hanging wall of a fault and classified during field work (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    fwLith
    Rock or sediment types found in the footwall of a fault and classified during field work (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    XCutRel
    Relative timing of fractures, faults, intrusions, and other geological elements, bodies, entities that cut or superimpose one another. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    JntInt
    Number of joints or fractures measured along a line (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.1
    Maximum:16
    Units:1/meters
    JntLength
    The length of an exposed joint or fracture measured where it intersects an outcrop face (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.25
    Maximum:10
    Units:meters
    Collector
    Geologist(s) who collected the data shown (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    Comments
    Descriptions, various notes, observations, explanations about site, data collection, samples, etc. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    TableSupplemental3_EspanolaXRDData.csv
    Española basin and east rift flank x-ray diffraction data (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Station
    Number of the station where data and samples were collected that includes the date (mm-dd-yy), the sequential number of the site visit on that date (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    Sample
    Sample number, for each sample in the format of a date (mm-dd-yy), the sequential number of the site visit on that date, and the sequential letter of the alphabet in which he sample was collected at the specified location. The record relates the location of the sample with the structural, geochemical, and X-ray diffraction results. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    LocDesc
    Geological, geographical, and other physical characteristics of the location where data and samples were collected (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    Age
    Major geologic eon or period in which the host rocks analyzed were formed (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    StationDesc
    Brief description of the location where the sample analyzed was collected (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    ArchCode
    Brittle fault zones have distinct components of internal structure that includes a core, damage zone (dz), entrained zone (ez), and protolith (pl). Not all of these structures or components are present in a fault zone. See Caine and others, 1996. The components are used individually or combined for composite descriptors. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    hwhanging wall
    fwfootwall
    dzdamage zone
    crgclay-rich gouge
    plprotolith
    ezentrained zone
    corewhere most of the strain in a fault is accomodated and can include discrete zones of fault gouge
    SmpArchCode
    Simplified architecture noted; fr, dz, pl, bxa. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    plprotolith
    frfault rock
    dzdamage zone
    bxabreccia
    Cement
    Whether or not mineral cements precipitated within intergranular pore space of the sample. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    CementType
    Mineral that has precipitated in cemented rock. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    Quartz
    Sample concentration of quartz group minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.6
    Maximum:95.5
    Units:percent
    K_feldspar
    Sample concentration of potassium-feldspar group minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:36.4
    Units:percent
    Plagioclase
    Sample concentration of plagioclase feldspar group minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:45
    Units:percent
    Carbonate
    Sample concentration of carbonate group minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:81.2
    Units:percent
    Ferromagnesian
    Sample concentration of ferromagnesian group minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:22.5
    Units:percent
    SUM_non_clay
    Sum of the sample concentrations of all non-clay minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:19.1
    Maximum:99
    Units:percent
    2M1_mica
    Sample concentration of 2M1 mica group minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:11.9
    Units:percent
    Illite
    Sample concentration of illite group minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:39.4
    Units:percent
    Smectite
    Sample concentration of smectite group minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:40.5
    Units:percent
    Kaolin
    Sample concentration of kaolin group minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:52.6
    Units:percent
    Chlorite
    Sample concentration of chlorite group minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:23.5
    Units:percent
    SUM_clay
    Sum of the sample concentrations of all clay minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1
    Maximum:80.9
    Units:percent
    Gypsum
    Sample concentration of gypsum group minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:0
    Units:percent
    Barite
    Sample concentration of barium group minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:9.7
    Units:percent
    Apatite
    Sample concentration of apatite minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:4.3
    Units:percent
    Fluorite
    Sample concentration of fluorite minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:37.6
    Units:percent
    Clinoptilite
    Sample concentration of clinoptilite minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:2.1
    Units:percent
    Opal
    Sample concentration of opal minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:53.1
    Units:percent
    Cristobalite
    Sample concentration of cristabolite minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:0.7
    Units:percent
    Gibbsite
    Sample concentration of gibbsite group minerals identified by X-ray diffraction analyses. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:0
    Units:percent
    SUM
    Total of the concentration of mineral groups for each sample. The variability in the total is permissible and a result of typical error in the semi-quantitative mineral values. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:98.8
    Maximum:107.1
    Units:percent
    TableSupplemental4_EspanolaGeoChemData.csv
    Española basin and east rift flank elemental chemical data (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Station
    Number of the station where data and samples were collected that includes the date (mm-dd-yy), the sequential number of the site visit on that date (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    Sample
    Sample number, for each sample in the format of a date (mm-dd-yy), the sequential number of the site visit on that date, and the sequential letter of the alphabet in which he sample was collected at the specified location. The record relates the location of the sample with the structural, geochemical, and X-ray diffraction results. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    mE_NAD27
    Meters East, NAD27 (Garmin GPS coordinate) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:396177
    Maximum:478963
    Units:meters
    mN_NAD27
    Meters North, NAD27 (Garmin GPS coordinate) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:3924802
    Maximum:3997734
    Units:meters
    LocDesc
    Geological, geographical, and other physical characteristics of the location where data and samples were collected (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    StationDesc
    Brief description of the location where the sample analyzed was collected (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    Age
    Major geologic eon or period in which the host rocks analyzed were formed (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    Arch
    Fault zones have distinct components of internal structure that includes a core, damage zone, and protolith. Other features included are entrained zone, fault rocks, calcite veins, and breccias. Not all of these structures or components are present in a fault zone. See Caine and others, 1996. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    Arch2
    Core, DZ, EZ, PL and generalized fault structure as noted for Architecture. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    Lithology
    Rock type classified during field work (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    amphib bxaamphibolite breccia
    basitebasite
    black clayblack clay
    brown claybrown clay
    bxabreccia
    clayclay
    congconglomerate
    felsitefelsite
    gns bxagneissic breccia
    gougegouge
    gravelgravel
    gray green claygray green clay
    green claygreen clay
    lstlimestone
    peg bxapegmatite breccia
    red brown clayred brown clay
    red clayred clay
    sandsand
    schistschist
    shshale
    silicious slip surfacesilicious slip surface
    siltsilt
    ssslip surface
    sstsandstone
    veinvein
    volvolcanic
    Cement
    Whether or not mineral cements precipitated within intergranular pore space of the sample. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    ccemented
    ucuncemented
    CementType
    Mineral that has precipitated in cemented rock. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    blk stainblack stain
    calcalcite
    cal cmntcalcite cement
    cal flt veincalcite fault vein
    cal veincalcite vein
    chlorchlorite
    epiepidote
    fe oxiron oxide
    fe oxide stainiron oxide stain
    gymgypsum
    hem veinhematite vein
    qtz cal hemquartz calcite hematite
    qtz cmntquartz cement
    Analysis
    Type of geochemical analysis used. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    55Indicates 55-element concentrations determined from inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) together known as ICP-MS-AES.
    42Indicates 42-element concentrations determined from ICP-MS-AES.
    Al_ppm
    Sample concentration of aluminum (Al) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1200
    Maximum:144000
    Units:ppm
    Fe_ppm
    Sample concentration of iron (Fe) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:400
    Maximum:371000
    Units:ppm
    Ca_ppm
    Sample concentration of calcium (Ca) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:100
    Maximum:374000
    Units:ppm
    K_ppm
    Sample concentration of potassium (K) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:200
    Maximum:65500
    Units:ppm
    Mg_ppm
    Sample concentration of magnesium (Mg) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:100
    Maximum:68700
    Units:ppm
    Ti_ppm
    Sample concentration of titanium (Ti) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:100
    Maximum:9200
    Units:ppm
    P_ppm
    Sample concentration of phosphorus (P) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-100
    Maximum:8500
    Units:ppm
    Mn_ppm
    Sample concentration of manganese (Mn) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:18
    Maximum:29134
    Units:ppm
    Ba_ppm
    Sample concentration of barium (Ba) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:17.1
    Maximum:10000
    Units:ppm
    Sr_ppm
    Sample concentration of strontium (Sr) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:7.8
    Maximum:1610
    Units:ppm
    Zr_ppm
    Sample concentration of zirconium (Zr) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:888
    Units:ppm
    V_ppm
    Sample concentration of vanadium (V) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:5
    Maximum:432
    Units:ppm
    Cr_ppm
    Sample concentration of chromium (Cr) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-10
    Maximum:300
    Units:ppm
    Rb_ppm
    Sample concentration of rubidium (Rb) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.3
    Maximum:414
    Units:ppm
    Zn_ppm
    Sample concentration of zinc (Zn) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:4
    Maximum:172
    Units:ppm
    Ni_ppm
    Sample concentration of nickel (Ni) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.4
    Maximum:167
    Units:ppm
    Cu_ppm
    Sample concentration of copper (Cu) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-5
    Maximum:129
    Units:ppm
    Li_ppm
    Sample concentration of lithium (Li) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2
    Maximum:300
    Units:ppm
    Co_ppm
    Sample concentration of cobalt (Co) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.5
    Maximum:197
    Units:ppm
    Pb_ppm
    Sample concentration of lead (Pb) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.2
    Maximum:561
    Units:ppm
    Th_ppm
    Sample concentration of thorium (Th) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.2
    Maximum:31.9
    Units:ppm
    Cs_ppm
    Sample concentration of cesium (Cs) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.05
    Maximum:722
    Units:ppm
    U_ppm
    Sample concentration of uranium (U) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.22
    Maximum:168
    Units:ppm
    W_ppm
    Sample concentration of tungsten (W) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.1
    Maximum:419
    Units:ppm
    La_ppm
    Sample concentration of lanthanum (La) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.1
    Maximum:130
    Units:ppm
    Ce_ppm
    Sample concentration of cerium (Ce) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.1
    Maximum:299
    Units:ppm
    Pr_ppm
    Sample concentration of praseodymium (Pr) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:37.6
    Units:ppm
    Nd_ppm
    Sample concentration of neodymium (Nd) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:184
    Units:ppm
    Sm_ppm
    Sample concentration of samarium (Sm) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:29.3
    Units:ppm
    Eu_ppm
    Sample concentration of europium (Eu) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:6.29
    Units:ppm
    Gd_ppm
    Sample concentration of gadolinium (Gd) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:34.2
    Units:ppm
    Tb_ppm
    Sample concentration of terbium (Tb) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:4.94
    Units:ppm
    Dy_ppm
    Sample concentration of dysprosium (Dy) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:25.2
    Units:ppm
    Ho_ppm
    Sample concentration of holmium (Ho) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:4.17
    Units:ppm
    Er_ppm
    Sample concentration of erbium (Er) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:12.5
    Units:ppm
    Tm_ppm
    Sample concentration of thulium (Tm) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:1.88
    Units:ppm
    Yb_ppm
    Sample concentration of ytterbium (Yb) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:12.7
    Units:ppm
    Lu_ppm
    Sample concentration of lutetium (Lu) in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:1.83
    Units:ppm
    TableSupplemental5_EspanolaIrCrCoNiIrData.csv
    Española basin and east rift flank INAA and other Cr, Ni, and Ir elemental chemistry data (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Station
    Number of the station where data and samples were collected that includes the date (mm-dd-yy), the sequential number of the site visit on that date (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    Sample
    Sample number, for each sample in the format of a date (mm-dd-yy), the sequential number of the site visit on that date, and the sequential letter of the alphabet in which he sample was collected at the specified location. The record relates the location of the sample with the structural, geochemical, and X-ray diffraction results. DUP = duplicate. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    SampleType
    Detailed rock type, structure, or architectural feature of sample. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    SampleDesc
    Indicates detailed subsampling from SampleType. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    c+mclast and matrix
    cclast
    mmatrix
    ssslip surface
    plprotolith
    oxidized glass on shocked sandstoneoxidized glass on shocked sandstone
    Iight brown mixed vesicular fused glassIight brown mixed vesicular fused glass
    medium gray vesicular impactitemedium gray vesicular impactite
    dark impactite with Ni-Fe spheroidsdark impactite with Ni-Fe spheroids
    impactiteimpactite
    glass coatingglass coating
    ironiron
    Powder 25 (standard)Powder 25 (standard)
    Source
    Indicates source and location from which samples were obtained. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    Reference
    References to journal articles that provide additional data used in the analyses of Cr, Ni, and Ir concentrations (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Field content described in attribute definition.
    Cr_ppm
    Sample concentration of chromium (Cr) in parts per million determined from instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Chromium concentration in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:3809.684
    Units:ppm
    Ni_ppm
    Sample concentration of nickel (Ni) in parts per million determined from instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Chromium concentration in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-9999
    Maximum:66400
    Units:ppm
    Ir_ppb
    Sample concentration of iridium (Ir) in parts per billion determined from instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Chromium concentration in parts per million. Values ending in ""111"" indicate that the concentration is greater than the upper limit of determination for the analytical method. Negative values indicate concentrations less than the detection limit (lower determination limit) of the analytical method. The absolute value of the negative number is the detection limit. A null (-9999) means not analyzed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.02
    Maximum:8370
    Units:ppb
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the data set. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the data set.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    This release of the dataset was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (NCGMP) and Mineral Resources Program (MRP).
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Jonathan Saul Caine
    U.S. Geological Survey
    MS 964 Box 25046, Denver Federal Center
    Denver, CO
    USA

    303-236-1111 (voice)
    jscaine@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

The purpose of this release is to disseminate the data measured and analyzed during this survey. The results provide a broad picture of structural diversity and tectonic evolution along the eastern flank of the central Rio Grande rift and the adjacent Española basin. The results also are representative of many upper crustal faults and associated brittle deformation processes. Such processes commonly associated with a large variety of such structures suggest several conceptual elements and approaches useful in developing testable hypotheses when assessing ground- and surface water resources.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    Grauch and Hudson, 2007 (source 1 of 2)
    Grauch, V.J.S. and Hudson, M.R., 2007, Guides to understanding the aeromagnetic expression of faults in sedimentary basins: Lessons learned from the central Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico: Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Journal article
    Source_Contribution: Magnetic lineaments as a proxy for fault lengths
    Minor and others, 2013 (source 2 of 2)
    Minor, S.A., Hudson, M.R., Caine, J.S., and Thompson, R.A., 2013, Oblique transfer of extensional strain between basins of the middle Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: Fault kinematic and paleostress constraints: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Geological Society of America Special Paper 494
    Source_Contribution: Fault orientation and fault kinematic data
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 30-Jun-2006 (process 1 of 4)
    FIELD DATA COLLECTION - Rock and sediment samples were collected from November 2003 through June 2006. Additionally, field measurements and detailed characteristics were compiled and summarized here. The field results were analyzed using a number of techniques. Characteristics of faults, fault properties, breccias, and host rocks were described in detail from outcrop to hand sample to thin section scales.
    Date: 01-Jan-2014 (process 2 of 4)
    ANALYSES OF FAULTS AND BRITTLE STRUCTURES - Fault orientations were plotted on equal area projections to inspect for trends related to different orogenic events and geologic processes. Fault slip data were organized by type using strain and stress models. Model results were used to interpret tectonic origins of fault groups. Fault length data were derived from high-resolution aeromagnetic lineament data. These data were statistically analyzed for the frequency distributions on basin-wide scales and determined to be power law, log-normal or other. The results of fault length analyses were compared with other rifts and similar data from global datasets.
    Date: 01-Jan-2007 (process 3 of 4)
    MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY - Representative samples from all faults, breccias, and host rocks were analyzed using x-ray diffraction mineralogy and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Results were statistically analyzed to interpret differences between host rocks (and sediments), fault rocks, and breccias. Results were also used to test previous hypotheses regarding a bolide impact origin for the breccias using INAA data for iridium, chromium, and nickel.
    Date: 28-Nov-2016 (process 4 of 4)
    INTEGRATION OF RESULTS - The detailed methods of data collection and analyses as well as interpretations will be discussed and provided in Caine and others, in review.
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:
There is no guarantee concerning the accuracy of the data. Any user who modifies the data is obligated to describe the types of modifications they perform. Data have been checked to ensure the accuracy. If any errors are detected, please notify the originating office. The U.S. Geological Survey strongly recommends that careful attention be paid to the metadata file associated with these data. Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent the data, nor to imply that changes made were approved or endorsed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Please refer to http://www.usgs.gov/privacy.html for the USGS disclaimer.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey – ScienceBase
    U.S. Geological Survey – ScienceBase
    Building 810, Mail Stop 302, Denver Federal Center
    Denver, CO
    USA

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 28-Nov-2016
Metadata author:
Michaela R. Johnson
U.S. Geological Survey
Physical Scientist
Bldg 20, PO Box 25046, MS 964, Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO
USA

303-236-2464 (voice)
mrjohns@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Generated by mp version 2.9.36 on Wed Dec 14 10:46:02 2016